Pretreatment Of Raw Materials
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- Pretreatment Of Raw Materials
PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS Definition statement This subclass/group covers: Metallurgical or chemical processes for producing or recovering metals from ... Preliminary treatment of copper raw materials (C22B 15/0002 to C22B 15/0023). Obtaining copper by means of pyrometallurgy (C22B 15/0026 to C22B ...
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The primary aim of pretreatment is to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from raw water to improve the treatment efficiency of subsequent processes (Agbaba et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2009; Suffet et al., 1988; Xie et al., 2016).
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In this stage, the mass loss rate of DES treated PS was lower than that of raw material, implying its better hydrophobicity (Yang et al., 2019). As reported, cellulose and hemicellulose exhibit different thermal stabilities, with a decomposition temperature of 300–400 °C, and 200–350 °C, respectively ( Guo et al., 2023 ).
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Proper pretreatment of raw materials is generally required. The nitrogen source for solid-state fermentation includes inorganic compounds, such as urea and (NH4)2SO4, or natural products, such as bran. [Pg.73]
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Combinations of one or more pretreatment methods to improve the pretreatment process may be a possibility to find process designs that will be suitable for enhanced fractionation of the raw material. This could be, for instance, to yield process streams, which are optimised for hemicelluloses, while other streams are optimised for other compounds.
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Full Article. Effect of Pretreatment of Raw Material on Properties of Particleboard Panels Made from Wheat Straw. Pavlo Bekhta, a Suleyman Korkut, b and Salim Hiziroglu c, * The objective of this study was to evaluate properties of experimental particleboard panels manufactured from wheat straw that had been pretreated with acetic anhydride, soapy solution, hot water, or steam.
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Alkali pretreatment is an efficient and cost-effective approach to generate fermentable sugars, which is to mainly swell the raw materials through degrading the ester bonds and glycosidic bonds in the cell wall of lignocellulose (Das et al., 2021). It can remove lignin and hemicellulose and increase the surface area and porosity of pretreated ...
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Physical pretreatment involves the reduced particle size and milling of raw material. Physical pretreatment is usually combined with chemical pretreatment with the help of dilute acid, base, ionic liquid, ozonolysis, organosol, and other chemicals.
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The aim to achieve the long-term goals of sustainable circular economy which prominently focuses on the "recovery and reuse" of bio-based raw materials rather than the conventional industrial approach of "take, make and dispose of" the raw materials has also motivated the use of renewable sources of energy (Hassan et al., 2018).
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However, only a few investigations for the direct electrochemical pretreatment of biomass raw materials were reported. Sun et al. reported a system composed of ionic liquid and organic solvent to remove lignin by electrochemical method [10], and Tamburini et al. [11] pretreated wheat straw with electrochemically activated aqueous solution ...
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Paper is one of the most significant inventions in human civilization, which considerably advanced global cultural development. Pulping is a key step in the conversion of fiber raw materials into paper. Since its inception, pulping has rapidly evolved, continually adapting to technological advancements. Researchers are constantly investigating various …
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In this review, recent advances in the methods of pre-treatment of plant material for the extraction of secondary metabolites with high biological activity are presented. The correct preparation of the material for extraction is as …
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89 rowsPhysical pretreatment involves the reduced particle size and milling of raw material. Physical pretreatment is usually combined with chemical pretreatment with the help of dilute acid, base, ionic liquid, ozonolysis, organosol, and other chemicals.
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Generally, the obtained results clearly singled out P. pulmonarius HAI 573 as highly efficient and selective delignifier, especially of wheat straw, which opens new possibilities for the use of its ligninolytic cocktail in pretreatment of this raw material, as the first phase in numerous biotechnological processes, primarily in bioethanol and ...
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Such waste is a renewable resource and can be used successfully as a raw material for particleboard manufacture. Over the past few decades, many studies have been conducted on a wide range of ...
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Patents for C22B - Production or refining of metals; Pretreatment of raw materials (459) 09/2014: 09/02/2014: US8821613 Method for thiosulfate leaching of precious metal-containing materials : 07/2014
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In this review, the effects of four pretreatments on the properties of pellets were assessed. Thermal pretreatment can improve the hydrophobicity of pellets, and optimize their properties, while degradation of diverse extractives is noteworthy.
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The obtained results showed that the combined pre-treatment of the primary organic raw materials with 10% NaOH and adapted microbial inoculum at 2.5% was the best suited for compost piles in ...
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2. Granulation and dyeing of plastic injection molding raw materials. If the raw material is powder, it needs to be granulated before molding. If plastic injection molding products require a certain color, the raw material needs to be dyed. The most common method for coloring injection molding parts is to use the color masterbatch for coloring.
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Pretreatment is helpful to improve the biocompatibility, bioconversion yield and enzyme accessibility of lignocellulose [29, 30], the benefits of pretreatment were summarized in Fig. 1.Different lignocellulose and pretreatment methods affect the pretreatment effect and subsequent biomass conversion [31, 32].For example, studies have investigated that, the …
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Conventionally, a combined system consist- ing of a dry or wet pulverizer and kneading mac- hine is applied to the pretreatment of fine mat- erials for agglomeration, especially for pellet- izing. However, treatment cannot be expected to be satisfactory owing to the complexities of the process. A new process was developed to over- come the defects inherent in the conventional …
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Fruits and vegetables should be done certain pretreatment in the processing because of its individual characteristic. First, raw material selection and sorting. To get the quality guarantee of fruit and vegetable juice, first of all, ensure the quality of raw material. How to select and sort the fruits and vegetables is according to three ...
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Sources and Pretreatment of Raw Materials for Nanocellulose Productions. In general, the production of nanocellulose (NC) consists of three steps: (1) Finding the suitable sources, (2) raw material pretreatment, and (3) NC extraction. The raw material's source and type influence the physical and chemical properties and the NC product's yield.
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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), featured as promising green solvents, were applied to examine their effectiveness in pretreating raw ramie fibers (RFs) for cellulose nanofibril (CNF) production. The pretreatment performance of three DESs, i.e., choline chloride–urea (CU), choline chloride–oxalic acid dihydrate (CO), and choline chloride–glycerol (CG), was evaluated based …
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The increased cellulose content in the OPL residue post DES pretreatment conveyed its thermally more stable state than the respective raw material (Section 3.5.4), after lignin removal. In fact, this was verified by the FTIR spectra, which visibly showed the characteristic peaks of the isolated aromatic lignin ( Section 3.5.2 ).
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073Functionalization of natural raw materials4.2.1. Wood colour treatment. As a natural material, wood is widely used in building construction, refurbishment and furniture industries. The supply of raw materials for the global timber industry is gradually shifting from rain forest to plantation forest. ... Functional pretreatment is a powerful ...
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The particular pretreatment involves the isolation of individual intact fibers and the partial or complete elimination of noncellulosic materials. 12 The second stage is the mechanical treatment as well as biological and chemical pretreatments, which involves the disintegration of the above-mentioned "purified" cellulosic fibers into CNFs ...
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Firstly, we initiated the pretreatment of the raw material La 2 O 3 powders subjected to calcination at various temperatures, as illustrated in Fig. 1 a. As confirmed through XRD analysis, the presence of diffraction peaks corresponding to La(OH) 3 (PDF # 96-403-1382) was observed in the La 2 O 3 powder stored at room temperature and also when ...
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Production of biowaste is increasing day by day, due to the abundant availability of raw materials and their utilities, especially from lignocellulosic-based material that constitutes 50% of the total biomass around the world. ... at he end of the processes pressure is suddenly reduced resulted in explosive decompression of the biomass ...
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Abstract Due to biomass recalcitrance, the pulping and bleaching processes are usually needed to break down the resistance of the lignocellulosic matrix for nanocellulose extraction. In this study, an acidic deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride-oxalic acid dihydrate was used to directly pretreat raw ramie fibers (RFs) without further …
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For all separation and extraction procedures, a pretreatment of the raw material is an essential step if optimum yields and a high quality of the phytochemicals are to be obtained. 9.2 Raw Material Selection. In general, the phytochemicals are classified by their structure, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, sulfides, and thiols. However, in the ...
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Pretreatment of wheat straw leads to structural changes and improved enzymatic hydrolysis Qi Zheng1,2, ... digestibility, it is necessary to remove lignin from the raw materials.
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Different Approaches Towards Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment. Lignocellulosic materials possess a great potential to be a good feedstock to produce biofuels as well as valuable chemicals. Pretreatment is an indispensable step of lignocellulosic biomass processing due to the complex structure and recalcitrant nature of such a feedstock [53 ...
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At present, livestock and poultry manure is the main raw material for biogas production in China. ... [18], solvent pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic materials [19], pretreatment methods of different feedstocks for anaerobic digestion [20]. However, a comprehensive review of current pretreatment methods of crop straw for biogas production ...
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There are a lot of raw materials that have been investigated using the various pretreatment methods presented above and for many of these the glucose yield after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis is above 90% of theoretical, while the hemicelluloses sugars are somewhat lower but in some cases reach above 90%.
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